Configure SIP (Sofia) in FreeSWITCH:If you’ve installed FreeSWITCH successfully, the next step is configuring SIP profiles using Sofia SIP.

This guide covers:

• Internal SIP profile
• External SIP profile
• User extensions
• NAT configuration
• SIP trunk setup basics

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📌 What is Sofia SIP?

mod_sofia is the SIP stack used by FreeSWITCH.

It handles:

• SIP registration
• Call routing
• SIP trunks
• NAT traversal
• Authentication

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📂 Important SIP Configuration Directory

All SIP profiles are located in:

/usr/local/freeswitch/conf/sip_profiles/

Main files:

internal.xml
external.xml

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1️⃣ Understanding SIP Profiles

FreeSWITCH uses two default profiles:

Profile	Purpose
internal	Extensions (1000, 1001, etc.)
external	SIP trunk providers

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2️⃣ Check If Sofia Is Running

Enter CLI:

/usr/local/freeswitch/bin/fs_cli

Then run:

sofia status

You should see:

Profile internal RUNNING
Profile external RUNNING

If not running:

reloadxml
sofia profile internal restart

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3️⃣ Configure Internal SIP Profile

Open:

nano /usr/local/freeswitch/conf/sip_profiles/internal.xml

Important parameters:

<param name="sip-port" value="5060"/>
<param name="rtp-ip" value="$${local_ip_v4}"/>
<param name="sip-ip" value="$${local_ip_v4}"/>

For local network, this is fine.

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4️⃣ Configure Public IP (NAT Setup)

If your server has a public IP:

Edit:

/usr/local/freeswitch/conf/vars.xml

Find:

<X-PRE-PROCESS cmd="set" data="external_sip_ip=auto"/>
<X-PRE-PROCESS cmd="set" data="external_rtp_ip=auto"/>

Change to your public IP:

<X-PRE-PROCESS cmd="set" data="external_sip_ip=YOUR_PUBLIC_IP"/>
<X-PRE-PROCESS cmd="set" data="external_rtp_ip=YOUR_PUBLIC_IP"/>

Save and reload:

reloadxml
sofia profile internal restart

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5️⃣ Create SIP Extension (Example 2000)

Go to:

/usr/local/freeswitch/conf/directory/default/

Create file:

nano 2000.xml

Add:

<include>
  <user id="2000">
    <params>
      <param name="password" value="mypassword"/>
    </params>
    <variables>
      <variable name="toll_allow" value="local"/>
      <variable name="accountcode" value="2000"/>
      <variable name="user_context" value="default"/>
    </variables>
  </user>
</include>

Reload:

reloadxml

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6️⃣ Test Registration

Use softphone:

• Username: 2000
• Password: mypassword
• Domain: Server IP
• Port: 5060

Check registration:

sofia status profile internal reg

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7️⃣ Configure SIP Trunk (External Profile)

Edit:

/usr/local/freeswitch/conf/sip_profiles/external.xml

Example trunk:

<gateway name="mytrunk">
  <param name="username" value="trunkuser"/>
  <param name="password" value="trunkpass"/>
  <param name="proxy" value="sip.provider.com"/>
  <param name="register" value="true"/>
</gateway>

Restart profile:

sofia profile external restart

Check status:

sofia status gateway mytrunk

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8️⃣ Open Firewall Ports

sudo ufw allow 5060/udp
sudo ufw allow 16384:32768/udp

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🔎 Useful Sofia Commands

Inside CLI:

Command	Purpose
sofia status	Show profiles
sofia status profile internal reg	Show registered users
sofia profile internal restart	Restart profile
sofia global siptrace on	Enable SIP debug